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Beskrivelse
In May 2009, President Barack Obama announced the Global Health Initiative (GHI), a comprehensive effort to reduce the burden of disease and promote healthy communities and families around the world. Through the GHI, the United States Government will help partner countries improve health outcomes, with a particular focus on improving the health of women, newborns and children. The President's Malaria Initiative (PMI) is a core component of the GHI. PMI was launched in June 2005 as a 5-year, $1.2 billion initiative to rapidly scale up malaria prevention and treatment interventions in high burden countries in sub-Saharan Africa. In December 2006, Zambia was selected as a PMI country. Since then, Zambia has received approximately $151 million in PMI funding. Although there are signs of improvement, malaria continues to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Zambia and control of the disease remains one of the government's highest priorities. Overall, the number of reported malaria cases (clinical and confirmed) to the National Health Management Information System (HMIS) increased from 3,250,128 to 4,892,813 (2009- 2013). The reported number of outpatient department (OPD) visits increased from 13,697,003 in 2009 to 21,668,763 in 2012. There have been substantial declines over the past three years of reported inpatient malaria deaths for all ages with a decrease from 3.9 per 10,000 to 2.8 per 10,000 (2010-2012). Malaria parasite prevalence by smear microscopy has declined from 22% to 15% during the years of 2006 - 2012, but has remained relatively unchanged during the period of 2010 - 2012 (16% - 15%) according to the 2012 Malaria Indicator Survey (MIS). Severe anemia also for children under the age of five years declined from 14% to 7% during the years of 2006 to 2012. The most up-to-date information on nationwide coverage of malaria prevention and control measures in Zambia comes from the 2012 MIS, which shows improvements. More than 68% of households own at least one insecticide-treated net (ITN) compared to 64% in 2010; 57% of children under five years of age slept under an ITN the night before the survey in 2012, compared to 50% in 2010. In 2012, almost 74% of households owned at least one ITN or were sprayed with an insecticide in the previous 12 months. Seventy-two percent of pregnant women took two or more doses of intermittent preventive treatment for pregnant women (IPTp). The Fiscal Year (FY) 2015 PMI funding for Zambia complements the National Malaria Strategic Program for 2011-2016. The plan is also based on PMI experiences in its first five years. A planning visit took place in June 2014 with representatives from USAID and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), who met with the National Malaria Control Program (NMCP) (including the Ministry of Health (MOH) and the Ministry of Community Development, Mother and Child Health (MCDMCH)), and a variety of other partners involved in malaria prevention and control in the country. This is the eighth Malaria Operational Plan (MOP) for Zambia and describes proposed expenditures of $24 million for FY 2015 under PMI.
