Widows, Pariahs, and Bayaderes

Land of spirituality, or land of widow burning? Land of fabulous wealth, or land of dire poverty, the caste system, and untouchability? Western literature has reflected stereotypical and contradictory images of India since antiquity. For centuries, French writers have reproduced images of India such as the widow immolating herself according to the custom of sati, the pariah or untouchable, and the bayad re or temple dancer, in various forms of theatrical representations - tragedies, ballets, operas, and exhibits in world's fairs. The examination of such recurrent images of India in four French plays and one ballet written from the eighteenth through the twentieth century demonstrates how these dramatic representations intervene politically in French society as well as further the aesthetic agendas of the dramatists themselves. India becomes a spectacle, both literally and figuratively, on the French stage. Raising questions of Orientalism, the book argues that it was precisely because the French lost their Indian colonies to the British in the eighteenth century that India became part of the French literary imagination.