Walaya in the Formative Period of Shi'ism and Sufism

Focused on Shi'ism and Sufism in the formative period of Islam, this book examines the development of the concept of walaya, a complex term that has, over time, acquired a wide range of relationships with other theological ideas, chiefly in relation to the notion of authority.The book offers a textual and comparative analysis of walaya based on primary sources in the ninth and tenth centuries, from both Shi'i and Sufi circles. The starting point is one of the oldest surviving Shi'i sources, Kitab Sulaym. Alongside this, the author analyses al-Idah of Fadl Shadhan al-Nishaburi, Kitab al-Mahasin of al-Barqi and Kitab al-Kafi of al-Kulayni. Three major texts in Sufism are considered: Kitab al-Sidq by Abu Sa'id al-Kharraz, Tafsir al-Qur'an al-'Azim by Sahl al-Tustari, and Al-Tirmidhi's Kitab Sirat al-Awliya'. Together, these sources highlight the doctrinal aspects of walaya, exploring the identity, function, appointment, and description of those considered 'wali'. The author ultimately argues that walaya is a cluster of rich, deep-rooted responses to the question of authority, developed within both Shi'ism and Sufism after the death of the Prophet.The book is much-needed reading for students and scholars interested in Shi'i and Sufi studies and Islamic philosophy.