The Vanishing Middle Class

In this thoroughly revised and updated third edition of Contact Lens Practice, award-winning author, researcher and lecturer, Professor Nathan Efron, provides a comprehensive, evidence-based overview of the scientific foundation and clinical applications of contact lens fitting. The text has been refreshed by the inclusion of ten new authors - a mixture of scientists and clinicians, all of whom are at the cutting edge of their specialty. The chapters are highly illustrated in full colour and subject matter is presented in a clear and logical format to allow the reader to quickly hone in the desired information. Ideal for an optometrist, ophthalmologist, orthoptist, optician, student, or work in the industry, this book will serve as an essential companion and guide to current thinking and practice in the contact lens field. Expert Consult eBook version included with purchase. This enhanced eBook experience allows you to search all of the text, figures, images, videos, and references from the book on a variety of devices. Highlights of this edition include a new chapter on myopia control contact lenses, as well are completely rewritten chapters, by new authors, on keratoconus, orthokeratology, soft and rigid lens measurement and history taking.Why the United States has developed an economy divided between rich and poor and how racism helped bring this about.The United States is becoming a nation of rich and poor, with few families in the middle. In this book, MIT economist Peter Temin offers an illuminating way to look at the vanishing middle class. Temin argues that American history and politics, particularly slavery and its aftermath, play an important part in the widening gap between rich and poor. Temin employs a well-known, simple model of a dual economy to examine the dynamics of the rich/poor divide in America, and outlines ways to work toward greater equality so that America will no longer have one economy for the rich and one for the poor.Many poorer Americans live in conditions resembling those of a developing country-substandard education, dilapidated housing, and few stable employment opportunities. And although almost half of black Americans are poor, most poor people are not black. Conservative white politicians still appeal to the racism of poor white voters to get support for policies that harm low-income people as a whole, casting recipients of social programs as the Other-black, Latino, not like "us." Politicians also use mass incarceration as a tool to keep black and Latino Americans from participating fully in society. Money goes to a vast entrenched prison system rather than to education. In the dual justice system, the rich pay fines and the poor go to jail.