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Beskrivelse
This book is an abridged English rendition of the latter part of Ayatullah Mu¿ammad Hadi Ma'rifat's magnum opus, Al-Tamhid fi 'Ulum al-Qur'an (Introduction to the Sciences of the Qur'an) which can be considered a significant contemporary contribution to 'Ulum al-Qur'an.
'Ulum al-Qur'an is a branch of science which deals with such subjects as revelation and the sending down of the Qur'an, the duration and order of revelation, circumstances surrounding the revelation, the collection and recording of the Qur'an, scribers of the revelation, standardization of the manuscripts, the emergence of different readings (qira'at) and the origin of differences in Qur'an reading, the Qur'an's authority and immunity from distortion (ta¿rif), the issue of abrogation (naskh) in the Qur'an, the emergence of its allegorical verses, the Qur'an's inimitability (i'jaz), etc. And since each of these issues has its own framework and is considered distinct from each other, this science is in plural form ('ulum which literally means 'sciences').
In this book, after initially identifying different factors that contributed to the emergence of the notion of ta¿rif or textual distortion of a scripture, the author discusses in length the textual and technical meanings of ta¿rif - including the notion of abrogation of recitation and the issue of insa' (being forgotten). He then gives a summary of the proofs of invalidity of the notion of ta¿rif. In the succeeding two chapters, he enumerates and gives examples of alleged ta¿rif according to the Hashwiyyah and Akhbari schools of thought.