Tafsir Ibn Kathir (Urdu)

In this chapter we have the lessons of the Battle of Badr enforced in their larger aspects; the question of war booty; the true virtues necessary for fighting the good fight; victory against odds; clemency and consideration for one's own and for others in the hour of victory. As regards booty taken in battle, - the first point to note is that that should never be our aim in war. It is only an adventitious circumstances, a sort of windfall. - Secondly, no soldier or troop has any inherent right to it. A righteous war is a community affair, and any accessions resulting from it belong to Allah, or the community or Cause. - Thirdly, certain equitable principles of division should be laid down to check human greed and selfishness. A fifth share goes to the Commander, and he can use it at his discretion; for his own expenses, and for the relief of the poor and suffering, and the orphans and widows (8:41). The remainder was divided, according to the Prophet's practice, not only among those who were actually in the fight physically, but all who were in the enterprise, young and old, provided they loyally did some duty assigned to them. - Fourthly, there should be no disputes, as they interfere with internal discipline and harmony.