Roots of Brazilian Relative Economic Backwardness

Human capital Africans Class consciousness Educational indicators Method Multiple Equilibria Brazilian History Dependency theory Methodological individualism Educational policies Total Factor Productivity New institutionalism Hypotheses Social conflicts 19th century human capital accumulation Acquired cognitive abilities Brazilian growth Class Conflicts Brazilian 19th-century relative development losses Brazilian relative backwardness Brazilian comparative development Attitude or personality factors Development account Disparity emerging from population skills Brazilian relative per capita GDP Estimation of human capital stock European and Japanese migration Fundamental determinants of development Conflicts as engineers of growth and development Inequality decomposition Human capital migration Intergenerational utility optimization Economic specializations Economic background Institutionalist development model Intergenerational transmissions of human capital Institutions as transmission mechanism International trade and development Intergenerational transmission of human capital European mass migration European versus Brazilian performance in 19th century Latin American structuralism Microfoundations of a world model Long-term trend of backwardness General assumptions Free physical capital mobility Nature of human capital Nonconvergence natural resources and development Personality factors Human capital over history Political background Public education and class conflict Human capital and backwardness Persistence of inequality Physical capital and development Periods of Brazilian history Proximate causes of development Surrogated per capita income Native Americans and Europeans in Brazilian population composition Limits of market forces Socially inherited abilities Sweden in 19th century Public policies and development Spain in 19th century Social conflicts and development UK in 19th century Uneven per capita output among countries