Reconceptualizing Philosophy

This book addresses in depth the development of sense, emotion, language, and rationality along the path of biological evolution from microbes to animals to humans, analyzing the most critical factors of the emergence of human beings, elucidating the occurrence and development of human nature, describing the process of human civilization.This is a book that is destined to be controversial and one that deserves serious critique. The reason is simply that many of the new concepts presented in this book are completely different from what the world thinks today. Yet, after these concepts have clearly been discussed here in simple terms, they are so plain and reasonable that leave no more room for doubt.Many of the new concepts in this book are being introduced for the first time, and they are being explained thoroughly here at a philosophical level. In this book, you can understand: Why is it that a person gains happiness when he or she strives to help others? This book has made the first clear distinction and discussed in detail the relationship of support, dominance, and feedback between emotional thinking and rational thinking. The study has identified that emotion is essentially a human perception system, thinking system, and value system. The fundamental logic of human thinking is to judge the value of an object to oneself. This book has also illustrated the eight decisive factors that language supports the explicit rational thinking of human beings. Language-communication creates rational, altruistic, and civilized human beings. It has revealed that both egoism and altruism are human instincts, and human nature is the interdependence, opposition, and unity of the egoistic and altruistic instincts. It has proposed the hypothesis that pleasure is the fundamental driving force of biological evolution. For the first time, it has been declared that human is the inertia body determined by physical substance and practical feeling of the human body, and the inertia body of thinking, speaking, and behavior. The human psyche is the only reference for each person to observe society. Life is a struggle, and the two are sufficient and necessary for each other...