Progress in Economics Research. Volume 42

In relation to the perspectives of World Trade Organization members, Progress in Economics Research. Volume 42 examines key policy requirements involved in developing countries' participation in future global e-commerce. This is based on a policy analysis of World Trade Organization e-commerce policies using grounded theory tools of deep-level inquiry. The authors go on to evaluate economic competitiveness in China, and its position as a global player in comparison with other World Trade Organization members using the Data Envelopment Analysis method. The dynamics behind socioeconomic inequality in Kenya are examined based on a reinterpretation of previously published works and existing data. In terms of political approaches to economic planning, Kenya has moved from the centralized statist approach in 1963 to a 'district focus' strategy in the 1980s; an era of devolved funding from the 1990s and, since 2010, a devolved governance structure. Data from social sectors is highlighted to illustrate trends. Later, to assess the relationship between development paths and institutions in the Republics of the former Soviet Union, the authors build an index of development based on World Bank data. They consider the impact of governance on economic growth through a new index, also created from World Bank data. Also in relation to the former Soviet Union, the authors demonstrate that exemptions from taxation can be arbitrarily denied by fiscal authorities under invented pretexts. A stockholder and investor should know that, even in the course of simple transactions, he or she can encounter decisions of authorities contradictory to the law, misquoting of the legal codes by civil servants in their correspondence, backdating of official letters and embezzlement of registered letters. The closing chapter studies the Spanish fishing and processing sector of anchovy, analyzing its trade balance and prices for preparation to characterize the current situation of this sector at the national level. Production and economic performance are analyzed in the local, European and global context to define trends affecting the management of this species.