New Models of the Cell Nucleus: Crowding, Entropic Forces, Phase Separation, and Fractals

DNA Cancer Entropy Biophysics Transcription Computer simulation Nuclear structure Diffusion Cell cycle Thermodynamics Chromatin Cell Nucleus RNA Chromosomes Translation Chromosome Nucleus Ionic Liquid Monte-Carlo-Simulation Microphase Separation Kinetochore Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy Anomalous diffusion Partitioning Protein modification Riboswitch Chromatin looping Crowding Polymer Physics Nuclear architecture Phase separation Spindle assembly checkpoint Triple-Helix Computational models Monte Carlo Simulations Ribozyme Nuclear envelope Gene regulation Genome instability Model system Nuclear bodies Photobleaching Cellular information transmission Biomolecular reactions Coacervate Chromosome conformation capture Cell-sized confinement Compartmentalization Chromosome segregation defects Crowding in cell depletion force Diffusion-limited reactions Chromosome subcompartments Depletion effect Fractal model DNA structure and function Entropic force Membrane rebinding Macromolecular Crowding Fractal kinetics Micro-thermodynamics Fluorescence recovery molecular crowding Free-volume theory Mitotic checkpoint Nonideal Nuclear compartments Nuclear Organization Physical cell biology Quadruplex Polymer models Polymer model Nuclear structures Polymer-nanoparticle mixtures Subdiffusion