Manual of Chemistry

Whilst the greatest effort has been made to ensure the quality of this text, due to the historical nature of this content, in some rare cases there may be minor issues with legibility. IN this new edition the Manual preserves the plan and characteristics that have won for it the degree of approval shown in the exhaustion of the nine previous issues, each in several large printings. Numerous additions have been made, most of which are of fundamental importance, and again bring the Manual abreast of modern thought in chemistry to its date of issue. They embrace articles on the following subjects: Exothermic and endothermic reactions; reversible reactions and chemical equilibrium; mass action; extension of the articles on acids and bases; thermochemistry; a new chapter on solution, in which, among other matters, the solution of gases and Henry's law, freezing-points, boiling points and osmotic pressure, Raoult's law and the laws of osmotic pres sure are discussed, and the existence of ions foreshadowed; a new chapter on the theory of electrolytic dissociation, in which are considered the origin of the theory, ionic equilibrium, ionization of acids, bases, and salts, reactions on the ionic basis, activity of acids and bases, hydrolysis of salts, neutralization, electrolysis and Faraday's lag, etc.; electrolytic solution tension of metals; principle of the storage-battery; and ionic explanation of the action of indicators. Ionic relations are discussed in practically every chapter on acids and the metals, and a number of compounds have been added to the sections on inorganic and organic chemistry. Many of these are of medical interest, for example, sodium cacodylate, atoxyl and salvarsan, 'phenolphthalein, fluorescein, phenol sulphonephthalein. The section on physiological chemistry has been rewritten and brought in line with present-day knowledge and theories. A table of inter national atomic weights on the 'oxygen 16 basis has been added to the U. S. P. Table of weights on the hydrogen 1 basis. It is hoped that with these alterations and additions the Manual will fully accomplish its object, viz., to furnish to the student in concise form a clear pr