Immigrant Children: At the Intersection between Childhood and Immigration

The phenomenon of migration has occurred in all continents throughout the history of humanity. Yet, in recent years, it has become of growing public concern. Indeed, especially in the Western world, the discourse on migration is often conflated with issues of race, ethnicity and religion, often acquiring a pejorative connotation. Migration is a very complex phenomenon; the encounter of the native and immigrant culture can bring many benefits to both parties, but also many challenges. The discourse on migration, however, tends to be mostly focused on adults' needs, although childhood migration is an increasingly relevant issue. In recent years, shocking images of immigrant children in the media have acted as a wake-up call in public opinion. The concept of 'immigrant child' brings together two contradictory terms. Indeed, childhood is often associated with innocence and vulnerability, whereas immigrants are often perceived as a threat to society. Hence, immigrant children stand at the intersection between the duty to protect children and the perceived need to be protected from newcomers. The aim of this book is to focus on immigration in the context of childhood, looking at the issues faced by immigrant children and the ways in which they can be supported. Hence, it will discuss the issues faced by children up to the age of 18, considering first- and second-generation immigrants, illegal migrants and refugees. The discussion will focus on immigrants moving from Third World countries, mainly in Africa, Latin America and Asia, into Western countries, in particular the United Kingdom. The first chapter of the book provides a general overview of migration; then it briefly looks at the history of British immigration law and the legal rights of immigrant children. The book continues with an analysis of child development, describing important theories in developmental psychology and Bronfenbrenner's ecological system; then it will discuss the impact immigration has on children's health. The following three chapters of the book will analyse in depth issues faced in the family, at school and in their environment, exploring issues such as attachment, poverty, racism, acculturation process and other stressors faced. Finally, the last chapter will bring forward some possible recommendations to support immigrant children, also considering possible challenges.