Hydrodynamic and Kinetic Study in an Ebullated-Bed Reactor

The growing demand for middle distillates and the increasing production of heavy crude oils have placed the catalytic hydroconversion ebullated bed process (H-Oil) as one of the most important secondary petroleum refinery processes. It has the unique feature of deeply converting heavy feedstocks with high impurity contents while operating with a long cycle time. The effectiveness and performance of industrial ebullated bed reactors are highly dependent on the bed hydrodynamics and operating conditions.