Human Papillomaviruses (HPVs): Detection, Infection and Protection

Virtually all cervical cancer cases are caused by human papilloma viruses (HPV), mainly HPV-16 and HPV-18. Furthermore, HPVs may cause other types of cancer, such as squamous anal cancers and vulvar cancer. In men, HPVs are associated with genital lesions, anal cancer, penile cancer, and head and neck cancers. As such, this compilation focuses on recent findings in HPV epidemiology, prevention, and updates regarding prophylatic HPV vaccines. Bioinformatics tool are important in the analysis of molecular and biological data, which could provide novel insights on the development of treatment and prevention methods for disease control. Through bioinformatics, it is possible to analyze and simulate HPV molecular data through the use of universal databases and analysis tools, in order to better understand the virus genetics and infection cycle. In conclusion, Human Papillomaviruses (HPVs): Detection, Infection and Protection appraises HPV vaccines for the prophylaxis of HPV infection in healthy individuals. Vaccines used for earlier varieties are Gardasil (Merck, Kenilworth, NJ, U.S.A.) and Cervarix (GlaxoSmithKline, Brentford, U.K.).