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The current study examined how COVID-19 phobia affects mental health, burnout, and work-related stress as well as investigated the moderating of work-related stress. The influence of burnout as a mediator in the relationship between COVID-19 phobia and mental health among healthcare workers also was examined in this study. Data was gathered for this cross-sectional study from several healthcare facilities in Punjab, Pakistan, including public hospitals and healthcare clinics. The data for this study were collected between December 2020 and November 2021 using the purposive sampling method. Online data for this study was gathered through email as well as social networking sites including Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, and WhatsApp. The 103 men and 197 women participated in four tests that were designed to assess the mental health state and psychological wellbeing of healthcare workers during the COVID-19 epidemic. COVID-19 phobia was found to be significantly negatively associated with mental health while significantly positively associated with burnout as well as work-related stress, whereas burnout was positively associated with work-related stress while negatively associated with mental health. Burnout was also identified as a key mediator in the relationship between COVID-19 phobia and mental health, according to the findings. Work-related stress was also found to be a significant moderator in the relationship between COVID-19 phobia and mental health, as well as COVID-19 phobia and burnout.