Geometric Morphometrics for Biologists

Regression Discrimination Classification Shape Principal components analysis Ontogeny Size Modularity Cluster analysis Comparative methods Configuration space Phenotypic plasticity Rotation Scaling Cross-validation Phylogenetic analysis Nested models Partial Least Squares Character transformation Scale Morphological Integration Singular value decomposition Centering Geometric Morphometrics Disparity Systematics Statistical inference Landmarks Tangent Space Canalization Repeatability Déformation Shape analysis Eigenvalue Evolutionary morphology Mixed models Shape space Eigenvector Forensics Heterochrony affine components allometric repatterning balanced designs bitemark analysis Bookstein shape coordinates centroid size between-groups PCA configuration of points Developmental Stability canonical variates analysis design matrices character delineation exploratory analysis fetal alcohol syndrome disorders dissociability Goodall's F human dentition general linear model deformed grids Hotelling's T2 multivariate analysis of variance full Procrustes distance ontogenetic trajectory pre-shape space homologous points ontogenetic scaling Procrustes size preserving Procrustes superimposition permutational MANOVA partial Procrustes distance phylogenetic character relative warps resistant-fit superimposition Kendall's shape space taxonomic discrimination thin-plate spline semilandmark alignment transpositional allometry Sex Estimation unbalanced designs variational properties landmark coordinates two-point registration or Procrustes-SP non-affine components non-uniform components semilandmarks shape variables Partial Warps Shape and size uniform component