Freeze-Drying/Lyophilization of Pharmaceutical and Biological Products

Glass Secondary Process Temperature Glass transition temperature Rate MTM FDM Structural relaxation Cycle Sublimation Primary Transition Shelf Moisture content Chamber pressure Closure and Container Considerations in Lyophilization Collapse Temperature Formulation Characterization Drying Chamber Freeze Drying Cycle Container Closure System Freeze Drying Process Freezing and Annealing Phenomena in Lyophilization Drying Rate Heating Fluid Temperature Lyophilized Product Maximum Allowable Product Temperature Lyophilization and Irradiation as an Integrated Process Phosphorus Pentoxide Primary Drying Product Temperature Primary Drying Step Residual Moisture Ta Te Sublimation Rate Precooled Shelves Structural and Dynamic Properties of Bulk and Confined Water Shelf Temperature Secondary Drying