Financial Cryptography

The?fthFinancialCryptographyconferencewasheldFebruary19-22,2001. Afterhalfadecade,wemovedbeyondourAnguillanoriginstoGrandCayman, BWI. Thevenuechangedbutthefocusoftheprogramremainedtopresentthe bestresearchinsecuringelectronic?nancialtransactionsandelectronicc- merce. Asinthepastfewyears,mostofthecontributedpapersfocusedonthe technicalcryptographicandsecurityaspectsof?nancialcryptography,whilethe ?nancialaspectsarere?ectedprimarilyininvitedtalksandpanels. (Andinthe informaldiscussion. )Thisyear,inadditiontothesubmittedpapers,wehada provocativeinvitedtalkbyRichardRahnonmoneylaunderingaswellaspanels ondigitalrightsmanagementandthebusinessofelectronicvoting. Therewas alsoarumpsession,chairedbyRebeccaWright. Thereweremanyinterestingandmanytechnicallystrongsubmissions. I thanktheprogramcommittee(listedonthenextpage)fortheirhelpinthe di?culttaskofchoosingthosepapersthatmadethestrongestcontributionto theconference. WehadadditionalreviewinghelpfromOlivierBaudron,Paul Fahn,JuanGaray,MarkusJakobsson,GuenterKarjoth,PhongNguyen,David Pointcheval,ThomasPornin,SholomRosen,DawnSong,SusanneWetzel,and RebeccaWright. (MyapologiesifIhaveoverlookedanyone.)Iwouldalsoliketo thankGeorgeDavida,theelectronicsubmissionschair,andhisstudent,Dawn MarieGibson,forsettingupandrunningthesubmissionsprocessattheUniv- sityofWisconsin. AnextrabigthankyoutoYairFrankel,whowasalwaysthere withhisexperienceandadvicethatgreatlyimprovedthejobIdidasprogram chair,aswellasmakingitmoreenjoyable. MattFranklinalsoprovidedvaluable advice. Thankstoallthepeoplewhosubmittedpapers,withoutwhichthere wouldbenoprogram. Authorsweregiventheopportunitytorevisetheirpapers followingtheconference. Thesewerecollectedwithoutfurtherreviewandare includedinthisvolume. ThankstogeneralchairStuartHaberfordoingmanythingsthatnoneofthe attendeesnoticedbecausehedidthemsonicely. HewasablyassistedbyHinde tenBerge. ThankstoHarrisMcCoyforhandlinglocalarrangementsandJason CronkformaintainingtheWebsite. ThankstotheIFCAdirectorsforkeeping FCthriving,toAdamShostackforvenuearrangements,andtoBarbFox,the sponsorshipchair. Thankstoour?nancialsponsors,whoarelistedonthenext page. SpecialthankstoRayHirschfeldwhoseadvicetomeandtotheothersm- tionedherehasbeeninvaluable. Thanks?nallytoattendeeswithoutwhomthere wouldbenoconference.March2001 PaulSyverson VI Preface ProgramCommittee MattBlaze,AT&TLabs-Research YairFrankel,Ecash MattFranklin,UCDavis DavidKravitz,WaveSystemsCorp. ArjenLenstra,Citicorp PhilipMacKenzie,LucentBellLabs AviRubin,AT&TLabs-Research JacquesStern,EcoleNormaleSup'erieure KazueSako,NEC StuartStubblebine,CertCo PaulSyverson(Chair),NavalResearchLab WinTreese,OpenMarket,Inc. DougTygar,UCBerkeley MichaelWaidner,IBMZurichResearchLab MotiYung,CertCo GeneralChair StuartHaber,Intertrust SponsorshipChair BarbFox,Microsoft FinancialCryptography2001wasorganizedbytheInternationalFinancialCr- tographyAssociation(IFCA),andwassponsoredbyBibitInternetPayments, CertCo,Certicom,HushCommunications,IBM,InterTrustSTARLab,- crosoft,nCipher,RSASecurity,andZero-KnowledgeSystems. TableofContents ManagingPaymentTransactionCosts AmortizedE-Cash ...1 MosesLiskov,SilvioMicali O?ineMicropaymentswithoutTrustedHardware...21 MattBlaze,JohnIoannidis,AngelosD. Keromytis Panel(I) ThePracticalProblemsofImplementingMicroMint...41 NickovanSomeren ProtectingDigitalRights ...51 YairFrankel AspectsofDigitalRightsManagementandtheUseofHardwareSecurity Devices...54 DavidW.Kravitz ASolutiontotheNapsterPhenomenon:WhyValueCannotBeCreated AbsenttheTransferofSubjectiveData...59 ScottMoskowitz GoldenTimesforDigitalRightsManagement? ...64 TomasSander ApplicabilityofPublicKeyCryptosystemstoDigitalRightsManagement Applications...75 JeremyWyant TrustandRiskManagement OntheGlobalContentPMI:ImprovedCopy-ProtectedInternetContent Distribution...79 TadayoshiKohno,MarkMcGovern Trust:ACollisionofParadigms...91 L. JeanCamp,HelenNissenbaum,CathleenMcGrath GroupsandAnonymity OntheSecurityofHomageGroupAuthenticationProtocol...106 ' ElianeJaulmes,GuillaumePoupard VIII Table of Contents Anonymitywithout'Cryptography' ...117 DahliaMalkhiandElanPavlov FairTracingwithoutTrustees ...136 DennisKugler,HolgerVogt InvitedTalk WhytheWaronMoneyLaunderingShouldBeAborted...149 RichardW. Rahn Certi?catesandAuthentication ProvablySecureImplicitCerti?cateSchemes...156 DanielR. L. Brown,RobertGallant,ScottA. Vanstone Nonmonotonicity,UserInterfaces,andRiskAssessmentinCerti?cate Revocation ...166 NinghuiLi,JoanFeigenbaum MutualAuthenticationforLow-PowerMobileDevices...178 MarkusJakobsson,DavidPointcheval CreditCardSecurity O?-LineGenerationofLimited-UseCreditCardNumbers...196 AvielD.Rubin,RebeccaN. Wright ASecurityFrameworkforCard-BasedSystems...210 YiannisTsiounis SecureClick:AWebPaymentSystemwithDisposableCreditCard Numbers ...232 AdiShamir Panel(II) TheBusinessofElectronicVoting ...243 EdGerck,C. AndrewNe?,RonaldL. Rivest,AvielD. Rubin, MotiYung MarketsandMultipartyComputation PrivacyfortheStockMarket...269 GiovanniDiCrescenzo SecureDistributedComputinginaCommercialEnvironment...289 PhilippeGolle,StuartStubblebine Table of Contents IX SignaturesinFinancialCryptography MonotoneSignatures...305 DavidNaccache,DavidPointcheval,ChristopheTymen ThePowerofRSAInversionOraclesandtheSecurityofChaum'TLabs-Research JacquesStern,EcoleNormaleSup'erieure KazueSako,NEC StuartStubblebine,CertCo PaulSyverson(Chair),NavalResearchLab WinTreese,OpenMarket,Inc. DougTygar,UCBerkeley MichaelWaidner,IBMZurichResearchLab MotiYung,CertCo GeneralChair StuartHaber,Intertrust SponsorshipChair BarbFox,Microsoft FinancialCryptography2001wasorganizedbytheInternationalFinancialCr- tographyAssociation(IFCA),andwassponsoredbyBibitInternetPayments, CertCo,Certicom,HushCommunications,IBM,InterTrustSTARLab,- crosoft,nCipher,RSASecurity,andZero-KnowledgeSystems.TableofContents ManagingPaymentTransactionCosts AmortizedE-Cash ...1 MosesLiskov,SilvioMicali O?ineMicropaymentswithoutTrustedHardware...21 MattBlaze,JohnIoannidis,AngelosD. Keromytis Panel(I) ThePracticalProblemsofImplementingMicroMint...41 NickovanSomeren ProtectingDigitalRights ...51 YairFrankel AspectsofDigitalRightsManagementandtheUseofHardwareSecurity Devices...54 DavidW. Kravitz ASolutiontotheNapsterPhenomenon:WhyValueCannotBeCreated AbsenttheTransferofSubjectiveData...59 ScottMoskowitz GoldenTimesforDigitalRightsManagement? ...64 TomasSander ApplicabilityofPublicKeyCryptosystemstoDigitalRightsManagement Applications...75 JeremyWyant TrustandRiskManagement OntheGlobalContentPMI:ImprovedCopy-ProtectedInternetContent Distribution...79 TadayoshiKohno,MarkMcGovern Trust:ACollisionofParadigms...91 L. JeanCamp,HelenNissenbaum,CathleenMcGrath GroupsandAnonymity OntheSecurityofHomageGroupAuthenticationProtocol...106 ' ElianeJaulmes,GuillaumePoupard VIII Table of Contents Anonymitywithout'Cryptography' ...117 DahliaMalkhiandElanPavlov FairTracingwithoutTrustees ...136 DennisKugler,HolgerVogt InvitedTalk WhytheWaronMoneyLaunderingShouldBeAborted...149 RichardW. Rahn Certi?catesandAuthentication ProvablySecureImplicitCerti?cateSchemes...156 DanielR. L. Brown,RobertGallant,ScottA. Vanstone Nonmonotonicity,UserInterfaces,andRiskAssessmentinCerti?cate Revocation ...166 NinghuiLi,JoanFeigenbaum MutualAuthenticationforLow-PowerMobileDevices...178 MarkusJakobsson,DavidPointcheval CreditCardSecurity O?-LineGenerationofLimited-UseCreditCardNumbers...196 AvielD. Rubin,RebeccaN. Wright ASecurityFrameworkforCard-BasedSystems...210 YiannisTsiounis SecureClick:AWebPaymentSystemwithDisposableCreditCard Numbers ...232 AdiShamir Panel(II) TheBusinessofElectronicVoting ...243 EdGerck,C. AndrewNe?,RonaldL. Rivest,AvielD. Rubin, MotiYung MarketsandMultipartyComputation PrivacyfortheStockMarket...269 GiovanniDiCrescenzo SecureDistributedComputinginaCommercialEnvironment...289 PhilippeGolle,StuartStubblebine Table of Contents IX SignaturesinFinancialCryptography MonotoneSignatures...305 DavidNaccache,DavidPointcheval,ChristopheTymen ThePowerofRSAInversionOraclesandtheSecurityofChaum's RSA-BasedBlindSignatureScheme...319 MihirBellare,ChanathipNamprempre,DavidPointcheval, MichaelSemanko OptimisticFairExchangewithTransparentSignatureRecovery...339 OlivierMarkowitch,ShahrokhSaeednia Auctions (M+1)st-PriceAuctionProtocol...351 HiroakiKikuchi Non-interactivePrivateAuctions...364 OlivierBaudron,JacquesStern AuthorIndex ...379 AmortizedE-Cash 1 2 Moses Liskov and Silvio Micali 1 MITLaboratoryforComputerScience mliskov@theory. lcs. mit. edu 2 MITLaboratoryforComputerScience silvio@lcs. mit. edu Abstract. Wepresentane-cashschemewhichprovidesatrade-o?- tweenanonymityande?ciency,byamortizingthecostofzero-knowledge andsignaturecomputationinthecashgenerationphase. OurworksolvesanopenproblemofOkamotoindivisiblee-cash.