Contemporary approaches of biological markers in heart failure

Biomarkers are deeply incorporated into up-to-date clinical guidelines for acute, acutely decompensated and chronic heart failure. According to contemporary evaluation of efficacy of medical care in disease management, cardiac biomarkers are recognized an individual probes that are suitable for stratification of individuals at risk of hea development and progression, improving heart failure prevention, and target-to-treat heart failure therapy. There is a large body of evidence regarding the limiting role of biomarker as predictive tool in heart failure management. Lots of sophisticated biomarker predictive scores have now created to attenuate heart failure risk prognostication, there was not received strong evidence that all these are equal on their ability to predict clinical outcomes and death in patients with different phenotypes of HF, across all pathophysiological stages of heart failure, at acute and chronic HF and even in heart failure patients with several co-morbidities, various ages and ethnicities.