Advances in Biotechniques

Technologies are the roots on which development of science stands firmly. Biotechnique; a sub-discipline of analytical chemistry plays a significant role in the evaluation and interpretation and quantitative measurement of drugs and their metabolites, and macromolecules, proteins, DNA, large molecule drugs, metabolites in biological systems. Many techniques are require in the field of biotechnology such as PCR, SDS page, blotting, ELISA, RIA, chromatography that are being used and have strengthen the field of pharmaceutical, diagnostic, protein analysis. All these biotechniques are used in parallel and their applications overlap in different fields of drug discovery, clinical microbiology, pharmaceuticals, food industry etc. Technological advancements in recent years have shown great potential to analyze simultaneously large sets of biological samples or to define genetic heterogeneity with great precision and accuracy. The aim is to improve the efficiency of the above techniques, reduce the complexity and integration of key features in one, which can give better picture.An approach to multiplex detection and characterization is Real time PCR and microarray analysis is the most important revolution in functional genomics. Incremental advances in standard genomic technology have fasten the accumulation of genetic sequence information in genetic libraries, such as, Gen Bank, EMBL, or DDBJ for development and validation of molecular-based diagnostic procedures. Another area, 'Proteomics', the term applied to parallel protein-based analyses. The term has expanded its horizon to advanced applied techniques like 2D electrophoresis and MS spectroscopy. The objective of these advances has been higher throughput, greater automation and increased comprehensiveness. The new approaches in immunoassays have provided landmark advances in clinical diagnostics and pharmaceutical industry.Technologies outlines in this chapter are categorized as derived from the key disciplines of biochemistry, molecular biology, cell biology, and microbiology .or with relevance to impact on life sciences that assemble the detailed necessities in terms of sensitivity, selectivity and high-throughput in order to broaden their applicability. It enables the scientists to explore the variable aspects of biological and chemical diversity, that are difficult to be accessed through natural mechanism.