- Bliv medlem
-
Du er ikke logget ind
Log ind Opret dig
Du er ikke logget ind
Beskrivelse
Red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.), also known as Norway pine has been the most widely planted species in the Lake States region of North America over the past 70 years. As a result, the red pine cover type in the Lake States has increased more than fivefold to almost 1.9 million acres. Because of its widespread occurrence and economic value, red pine has long received close attention from researchers and forest managers. In 1914, Theodore S. Woolsey, Jr., and Herman H. Chapman published a 42-page U.S. Department of Agriculture Bulletin entitled, "Norway Pine in the Lake States." This early management guide, based on careful observations and measurements by field foresters, served as the primary guide for managing red pine stands for more than 30 years. During the latter two-thirds of the 20th century, employees of the USDA Forest Service, State governments, universities, the Canadian government, and others established long-term studies of red pine. As measurements and results from these studies became available, red pine guides were periodically revised and updated. Most of these guides focused on establishing and managing red pine stands to improve timber growth. Since the late 1900s, however, the objectives of management, especially on public lands, have broadened beyond timber output. Land managers are now being challenged to address questions not answered by existing guides. Despite their widespread use, the red pine management guides produced to date have several deficiencies: 1) They focus on managing the stand as an isolated unit, without considering landscape concerns; 2) they focus almost exclusively on timber production, with little attention to recreation, aesthetics, wildlife, water, or other objectives; 3) they apply primarily to pure, single-aged red pine stands and have little to say about stands of mixed species or ages; 4) they are poorly linked to landscape ecology and to vegetation and soil types; and 5) they classify site productivity of red pine stands almost entirely with site index. Because existing guides no longer meet the needs of contemporary land managers, we have developed this new handbook for managing red pine with multiple objectives in mind. As a multidisciplinary team of public and private foresters, researchers, and practitioners, we have attempted to eliminate some of the deficiencies noted above by bringing up-to-date information from many disciplines to bear on a wider range of red pine management issues.
