Sources of Medical Technology

Evidence suggests that medical innovation is becoming increasingly dependent on interdisciplinary research and on the crossing of institutional boundaries. This volume focuses on the conditions governing the supply of new medical technologies and suggest that the boundaries between disciplines, institutions, and the private and public sectors have been redrawn and reshaped. Individual essays explore the nature, organization, and management of interdisciplinary R&D in medicine; the introduction into clinical practice of the laser, endoscopic innovations, cochlear implantation, cardiovascular imaging technologies, and synthetic insulin; the division of innovating labor in biotechnology; the government- industry-university interface; perspectives on industrial R&D management; and the growing intertwining of the public and proprietary in medical technology.Table of ContentsFRONT MATTERPART I: SETTING THE STAGE1 THE CHANGING NATURE OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT2 RECENT TRENDS IN SUPPORT FOR BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENTPART II: MEDICAL DEVICE INNOVATION3 PHYSICIANS AND PHYSICISTS: THE INTERDISCIPLINARY INTRODUCTION OFTHE LASER TO MEDICINE4 FROM THE SCALPEL TO THE SCOPE: ENDOSCOPIC INNOVATIONS INGASTROENTEROLOGY, GYNECOLOGY, AND SURGERY5 COCHLEAR IMPLANTATION: ESTABLISHING CLINICAL FEASIBILITY,1957-19826 INNOVATION IN CARDIAC IMAGINGPART III: BIOTECHNOLOGY INNOVATION7 INCENTIVES AND FOCUS IN UNIVERSITY AND INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH: THECASE OF SYNTHETIC INSULIN8 THE DIVISION OF INNOVATIVE LABOR IN BIOTECHNOLOGYPART IV: CONCLUDING OBSERVATIONS9 PERSPECTIVES ON INDUSTRIAL R&D MANAGEMENT10 THE INTERWINING OF PUBLIC AND PROPRIETARY IN MEDICAL TECHNOLOGYAPPENDIXESAPPENDIX A: WORKSHOP AGENDAAPPENDIX B: CONTRIBUTORSINDEX